Human rights and iron-Fisted leaders

What was that great quote, do you know when Caesar said; "The first thing we do is kill all the lawyers," and often people use that quote out of context, at the time of Caesar wanted to take remember about, and he knew he had to eliminate all the lawyers to do this. Indeed, a studier of Machiavellian line would realize that when you buy another country, the first thing that you need to do is get rid of the intellectuals, lawyers, educators, leaders, and then lead the masses by fear.

Well, I'm certainly not one to believe that in the current period, Machiavellian line must be the order of the day. However, I realize I am not alone in this world, nor is the United States of America. Many of our trading partners do not think that the way we do, don't need a capitalist, nor do their leaders necessarily believe in personal freedoms, freedom or democracy. An example of this could, for example, China.

Here in the United States we know not much about what is happening in China, as they are careful to censor the news from that country, and certainly the news come in. But we know that they are often to what we, from our perspective as Americans consider; no good. Last month there was an interesting piece in Sino Daily Online news titled "China cracking down on rights lawyers: Amnesty," written by staff writers in Hong Kong (AFP) and published on June 30, 2011. The article stated what many have feared would happen;

"Beijing has unleashed a" uncompromising "attack on China focused on the legal profession, human rights lawyers in an attempt to head off social unrest, Amnesty International said. The move was a bid to determine rights lawyers who take on sensitive issues such as fears that stands in the Middle East, North Africa and mount root in's world's most populous country could take, the rights group said in a new report. "

The article speculated that this was done by Communist leaders to silence dissent, and repealing licenses, intimidation, arbitrary disappearances and torture had reported. As much is that it displeases me to say something good about lawyers, should the Chinese people someone on their side right about now. Yes, China has 1.4 billion people have no chance but to force their legislation. The question is; they are to enforce the right.

On the one hand, there is serious corruption on the side of the Government, and yet it seems the ruling party is slow to enforce those issues, but they will go after any citizen who is one of their dastardly deeds calls, or any lawyer who goes to a citizen who speaks from defend, or every group that comes to their aid. There will always be challenges to human rights when leaders have absolute power. China needs checks and balances, and the United States must be careful who are linked to. I hope indeed will please consider all this and think on it.

Lance Winslow is a retired founder of a nationwide chain of the Franchise, and now the Online Think Tankis running. Lance Winslow believes 23,850 writing articles by 4 July 2011 is going to be difficult, because all the letters on his keyboard are now worn off now ...

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The symbol of the skull: Subculture or Pop culture

These days, we see the symbol of the skull emblazoned on everything from toddler socks nightclub wear. In every American mall, youth specialty store or discount store, the image can be in many forms. Jewelry, jackets, t-shirts and other clothing sparkling with Rhinestones or other artistic images. Heads are not not just for Halloween, more!

Why all the interest? Skulls are hardly a sign of rebellion or devil worship, nowadays. Once a powerful symbol of death and intellectualism, the bony remains of the human head are now cliche, perhaps even boring. Also mainstream for a true biker and and so common, even in the many artistic performances, that it does not conform to even the morbid curiosity of your average grade school student.

Skull images has long associated with death and transcendence; human spirituality, if you will. It is a reminder of our mortality, the transient nature of life and by its existence after the end of chronological life, the limitations of human knowledge and insight.

Skulls have also gotten magical properties and religious meaning in the whole of humanity of existence. Skull necklaces are worn by people of many cultures to ward off evil deities, or alternatively, by the gods themselves, to communicate wrath and misfortune to those who oppose them. Christians associate skulls penitent Holiness and the washing away of human sin. Freemasons can the emblem symbolize their organization hierarchy, next to the transience of materialism.

Interestingly, the bones of the human head more often expressed as icons of happiness or resurrection, then bad luck. The accident of death is eventually followed by the possibility of final liberation in native American and Mexican folklore. The day of the dead, a popular Mexican tradition, celebrates the passing of ancestors and relatives, by wearing skulls in jewelry, as well as cranial consumption in fabulous morbid cakes! Along the same lines, can be used as a talisman skulls, believed to reverse bad luck and happiness symbolize in adversity, similar to black cats and the number seven, in lore gambling gambling.

Most of us know skulls as emblems of danger, as depicted on a bottle of poison; as depicted on the entrance of Nazi death camps or fear, hatred expressed by the iconograpy of apocolyptic displayed on tee-shirts. This symbolic artistry can no longer inspires horror but still draw attention to a large number of social causes or antisocial fear, so wear your skulls pride and let the rest of us guessing to your message!

For more great stuff on Fantasy visit mythology and Magic http://www.thefantasymythicalmagic.com/us.

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Antique lamps-the Dragon and the Pearl

Humanity has always mythologies developed in an attempt to explain and to understand its place in the world. This has led to the development of abstract thoughts and ideas which symbols to the ideas in the form. The most ancient of these mythological symbols is the Chinese Dragon.

Chinese philosophical thought is the oldest in the world, with a history dating thousands of years. China has three main philosophical influences, Confucianism, Taoist and Buddhist. All three of these thought systems influenced Chinese philosophical thought, with Confucianism are the important employee.

Confucius was born in 551 BC and his teachings developed into the leading security principals for Chinese imperial government and society for the next 2,500 years. Confucianism as government policy was replaced only in 1905.

All of these important philosophies taught their content and security principals through the use of symbols. Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism uses the language of symbol to their education with a very primary and most ancient symbol is the Dragon.

Recent Chinese archaeological finds have revealed dragon symbols dates from approximately six thousand years; These include ancient philosophical texts and shamanic objects engraved with primitive dragon symbols.

It is difficult to establish exactly where the dragon symbol, but the most likely source can be found in an old legend, (one of those legends cliche, lost in the mists of time!) The legend refers to a primitive Chinese society of six to seven thousand years ago and the practice of early tribal groups establishing and the worship of a particular plant or animal as a totemic Guide and protector of the tribe.

One of the largest and most powerful of these tribes was located in central China on the lower reaches of the Yellow River. His totem was the serpent, to them known as the Dragon. They believed that the Dragon was responsible for leading them to victory in intertribal wars. When the tribe was victorious in battle, they included the totem conquered tribes to their serpent/dragon totem, believing that their totem was strengthened by the addition. For example, the conquest of a tribe with the deer as their totem arise if the deer antlers are added to the head of the serpent. In this way arose the famous image of the Dragon.

Chinese mythology describes the dragon as the creature of nine parables.

The head of a camel, the antlers of a deer, the eyes of a Hare, the ears of a bull, neck of a snake, belly of a clam, scaling of a carp, claws of an eagle and with the legs of a tiger.

Chinese art is highly symbolic and can be read and understood by the use of the symbol. The Dragon is often represented with a large White Pearl in its jaws, or kept in its claws. Early traditional Chinese mythology believed that the Dragon the Sun chases and this is often depicted in Chinese art with the Dragon in the exercise of a flaming red ball.

But with the advent of Buddhist influence, around 67 AD, the red ball of the Sun, become a White Pearl, sometimes appears as a flaming Pearl and known as the night shining pearl. Buddhist symbolism teaches that the night the darkness of ignorance and the shining pearl, the teachings of the Buddha, the Dharma, and the light of the truth, or, as understood in the West, as the Pearl of great value.

There Is and there will no doubt continue to be, many discussions, papers and theories relating to the long Chinese tradition of depicting the Dragon with the Pearl, many of these erudite theories can be long and learned, but the fact remains, no one really knows the origin of the Pearl. It is, however, accepted that the Dragon and his relationship with the Pearl, now has a lost, yet undiscovered philosophical and abstract meaning behind it.

In the Western art and mythology, the Dragon is seen as an evil creature, violent and breathing fire, but not in Chinese art and mythology. The Dragon is associated with wisdom--great blessings to which they grant beneficiary. Dragons are particularly associated with water, rivers, rain and the seasons.

The Dragon was supposed to rise into the sky in the spring to make rain for the crops and returned to his underwater Palace in the autumn. As an agriculture people bad Chinese farmers to the Dragon for good harvests, with a special spring festival, Fireworks and gongs to awaken him out of sleep.

The Dragon was venerated and honored and so strongly connected with the weather, that he was known as the rain master. His eyes lightning flashed, the beating of its wings caused the wind and his breath, the rain.

The Dragon was the highest symbol of power and authority and the personal symbol of the Emperor, the yellow Dragon and as the Sun, elusive, August and lonely. The Emperor ruled with the mandate of Heaven and believed that Dragon's blood in his veins; all his personal belongings were given the prefix of Dragon: dragon throne, Dragon dress, dragon bed etc.

In the traditional Chinese art keeps the Dragon a most prominent place. Is one of the four supernatural beings, (Ssu Ling). The Dragon is often depicted in the midst of clouds in the exercise of the Sacred Jewel, the symbol of the Enlightenment, or seen as the Flaming Pearl, a circular object glowing, which although originally a symbol for the Sun.

Chinese art is highly symbolic and rich content through its symbol can be read. The Dragon is seen as the symbol of power and authority. The Dragon is the symbol of the Emperor of China, which is ruled by the mandate of heaven and was supposed to have descended from the Dragon.

In modern China is the mythology of the Dragon still very honored and deeply rooted in Chinese culture, as an example, with the festival for New Years dragon dance and the dragon boat festivals held throughout Asia. China produces huge quantities of modern porcelain and many of these production is still adorned with the Dragon. Contemporary China, although seemingly far removed from an ancient, mythological past, still universally recognized by the symbol of the Dragon.

Maurice Robertson, of the antique and Vintage table Lamp Co. He is known to local and international interior designers and also items of national importance to the Sydney residence of the Australian Prime Minister has delivered.

The antique & Vintage table Lamp Co. specialize in antique lamps with an on-line range of more than 100 unique, antique and vintage lamps on display.
Lamps are supplied ready wired for the USA, the United Kingdom and Australia.
You are invited to visit their website at: http://www.antiquelampshop.com/-
© & The antique Vintage table Lamp Co. 2011

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The Musketeers

Little represents the glory, power and strength of France better than the Musketeers. Romanticized, idolized and immortalized by modern movies, books and legends, the musketeer has taken on an almost mythological status in modern minds-and for good reason. Their prowess in battle, rambunctious style, dangerous lifestyle and romantic attitude seem to represent the perfect qualities of a man. Women wanted them and men wanted them. However, this view is only accurate for a very small selection of Musketeers throughout history.

The name "musketeer" applies to soldiers from around the world whose primary weapon the musket, a precursor of the gun was. It was a muzzle loading smooth bore gun, which is only accurate to 50 to 100 meters, depending on the purpose was. Nations around the world with their infantry muskets which, with the addition of the bayonet, both pikes and older gunpowder weapons made redundant. Musketeers was the rank and file soldiers of an army, the fundamental infantry.

Immortalized the image of a musketeer, however, refers to the French Musketeers of the guard, an elite group of soldiers that consists entirely of experienced nobles or the high elite of the common soldiers. They defended the King and his family in addition to participating in almost every French campaign in the 17th and 18th century. They were the best of the best; the cream of the crop. Their days were spent training or wary and they got the best of everything. In war they were rightly feared and their presence can turn the tide of the battle. They were in the deadly duels with their gun or trademark rapier and main gauche. Many competing nobles lost their lives in this elite honor duels with Musketeers.

Strongly influenced by Renaissance style clothing of the time, blue musketeer Tabard with the Silver Cross and fleur-de-lis crested dashing style combined with daring and adventurous usability. Leather gloves and Black Suede boots along with an undershirt, dueling leather pants, and a cavalier Hat completed the look and created a powerful symbol of the pronunciation of the French monarchy. Cardinal Richelieu organized a personal musketeer guard for himself and gave them blood-red Tabard Inn. Ruthless drop rebellions and political opponents in the French Government, it was blood red a disturbingly accurate color for his "reign" as the King's main adviser and right hand man. A black colored Tabard Inn appeared in Alexandre Dumas, the Man in the iron mask.

Numbers ranged between 150 and 300 depending on what point in history is a watching, they are a very reliable and powerful fighting force. Fighting foot on long distance with a musket or pistol as well as in close hand-to-hand combat with the rapier and main gauche, the Musketeers of the Guard were ready for any situation. Next to it on the foot, they were experienced horsemen and could both fire and fighting horse. They were eventually fully disbanded in 1816 after 200 years of service as the French Government can no longer be financed.

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The wonderful Gallery of Chinese art

The famous Oxford University sponsors the Museum of art and archaeology in the new Ashmolean. This is a famous spot for some of the greatest artifacts ever placed together for view. Between the lower level of the ground of thematic galleries and a suite of the top floor of galleries are three levels. These levels are generally dedicated to the old world, the medieval world, and the early modern world. China has artifacts exhibited at all three of these levels. What the ancient artifacts seem to suggest for us is not very easy to notice when one starts to observe the displays. After all, these are important pieces from the ancient to pre-modern worlds that even Asian people alive today have little personal connection with. However, when a closer observation and careful examination must be carried out the implication of the collection is very thought provoking.

On the ground floor gallery of China artifacts are displayed up to 800 CE. It is a beautiful collection of bronzes, jades and early ceramic pieces. Sir Herbert and Lady Ingram presented this excellent collection to the museum in 1956. Their collection includes several thousand Chinese and Japanese works of art. The gallery itself is long and narrow. On the one hand, the line of cases, ordinary bronzes of the Shang period (ca. 1600-1100 BC). Western Zhou (circa 1100-771 BC), Eastern Zhou (770-250 BCE) and Han (206 BCE-220 CE) dynasty artifacts are part of the collection as well. On the other hand, is a display that documents the development of formal writing in the Middle Kingdom. It begins with the so-called "oracle bones." Then ends with well-defined Chinese calligraphy. In addition to the oracle bones and bronze pot, written by one character opposite the handle, is a small scroll which in red ink a scapula inherited shaped bone and the inscription. These pieces tell a great story of the development of art and writing in the ancient world of the East that is informative and revealing. It also shows that civilization developed to a high level in China.

The calligraphy at the bottom is signed by a person with the name "Dong zuobin" (1895-1963). It turns out that Dong is one of the primary excavators of Anyang was. He registers his own inscription to confirm that the scroll a gift to Dr. Homer Dubs on his departure from China in 1947. He left China with the aim of the Chair in Chinese at the University of Oxford. Writing display stays with Zhou bronze inscriptions. It is present with coins of Zhou and Han dynasty, clay sealing, roofing tiles and mirrors which carry different types of functional text.

The early China Gallery shows certainly drawing connections between the pieces on display and the stock market that they have inspired. It turns out, however, also how writing and artifacts from ancient China dynasties which have reverberated in previous directives. As an example, one can look at the bronze gui on a square pedestal base. This is a rare and excellent piece of mid-late Western Zhou bronze casting. It is also distinguished by his often published inscription, but also by its ownership history. The early China Gallery proceeds with a remarkable display of Tang (618-907 CE) sancai were linking back to the Central Asian and Indian Collections. This is also a theme developed on the next floor up in a gallery entitled "Asian Crossroads." This theme explores the connections, particularly through trade, between East and South-East Asia. It reached on the Indian Ocean to Africa, and even to the Mediterranean. If this theme has historical validity (which, according to the evidence seems), then maybe the ancient Eastern world was not so isolated as the modern observer today would think?

Furniture and tapestries, including Japanese and Chinese lacquer chairs, and a beautiful Coromandel screen be supplemented with smaller displays of ceramics. The ceramics come from Japan, China, Southeast Asia, England, France and Germany. However, the most direct example of trade between England and China in the Gallery is a middle of the 18th century porcelain plate with a simple edge of pink flowers around a picture of the port to the Oxford botanical gardens. This is another proof of the theme of "West Meets East" as a historic event. It rightly deserves to be considered with an open mind. The daring suggestion of the later ceramic pieces seems hard to avoid. Namely, the trade between the West and the East has already for a long time. How long it exactly is uncertain. It may be impossible to ever know with a precise accuracy. However, it may also be longer than we had previously thought!

Harlan Urwiler answering all questions of your Asian collectibles.

For more information, please feel free to visit my website at: http://www.myorientalgallery.com/.

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Beware of those who demand that justice and appeal to the society to swarm in mass against perpetrators

There are large numbers of people who do not want Government to exert his authority over ordinary citizens, rather they want to use what they call social justice to check the people and the fight against crime. However, in many respects, history shows us that this is a big mistake because the Justice of the crowd is quick and violent, often permanent and absolutely unforgivable of the persons who choose to call on a whim. In fact, Justice through the social crowd quite unjust as most events from the past have demonstrated.

If you doubt this, and you want to see these types of scenarios would play out in real time, it is easy to watch on internet forums, blogs and social networks as a group of people with a similar opinion will call the person who thinks a little different that. they will surely go attack that person orally, and abuse them. If the person who did not even get pummeled, other people jump on board and start saying stuff that is out of character for them, and the whole group gets riled up as a pack of wolves.

This is exactly what happens with street gangs and violent criminal behavior where groups of people do almost unthinkable. Things they would never do on their own, but once they get in a group they are somehow in a different mindset. The Salem witch trials were very interesting in that regard, together with the French revolution where they beheaded all leadership and royalties. These things happen all the time, on a smaller scale. It is how human behavior work, it's not a good thing, but it is reality.

If we want to live in a free society, with freedom of expression and free freedom, and if we are going to stand for the individual, and individual rights, we must stay away from the use of the society to enforce laws and behavior without some kind of buffer between. I'd say Beware of those who demand that justice and are willing to call on society to swarm against the individual, or someone who they are calling is an offender, because that is not always; real justice.

You see, as the founder of a think tank, that I am more and more descend into this line of thinking, and the concepts of social control over the masses to look. I do not approve of that because I look at how easily the masses are controlled by the media, and the winds of the current events, and things taken from part on social networks. We are in a dangerous new era and we must be very careful. This is a serious matter, and you only have to take a step back for a moment. I hope indeed will please consider all this and think on it.

Lance Winslow is a retired founder of a nationwide chain of the Franchise, and now the Online Think Tankis running. Lance Winslow believes 24,000 writing articles by 24 July 2011 is going to be difficult, because all the letters on his keyboard are now worn off now ...

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Queen Maria of Romania: ten things to know about her

Queen Maria of Romania is perhaps the most "visible" historical person who lived in Romania, but who had fame outside of Romania. She is an interesting person, but there are ten points that make her all the more interesting.

1) she was born in England: her father was Prince Alfred, second son of Queen Victoria and her mother was Grand Duchess Maria of Russia, the daughter of Tsar Alexander II (known to people as the Tsar Liberator.) The marriage of her parents was supposed to joint the Royal houses. This has not happened, and her parents ' marriage was a failure after many years.

2) She was engaged on her sixteenth to the Crown Prince of Romania: after a failed romance with Prince George of Wales (Later King George V.) Her mother worked hard to promote the involvement of Marie Ferdinand of Romania.

3) her father was the Duke of Edinburgh: she was known in her youth as her Royal Highness Princess Marie of Edinburgh. Although she had an older brother, the Margraviate ended with the death of her father, by then also Duke Alfred of Saxe-Coburg. Her brother Alfred predeceased his father. The current Duke of Edinburgh is Prince Phillip, and he is a great-great-uncle of Phillip and Queen Elizabeth.

4) Officially Marie had six children: three sons, Carol, Nicholas, Mircea, and three daughters, Elizabeth, Marie and Illeana. She had a seventh, but nothing is known about this child. According to some, it was because of an affair with an officer in the Romanian army.

5) she was Crown Princes of Romania was small: the territory that Romanian advance came only after the end of the great war. (This was also known as World War One, 1914-1918). After the war, Romanian possession of would get: Bessarabia, Transylvania, and those were the two major territorial gains.

6) she was crowned in Transylvania: while she was Queen of Romania in 1914, her and her husband Ferdinand were not crowned until 1922. This was due to the war, but also because Romania itself with the French and British side and would be inundated by the armies of Germany, Austria, and Bulgaria.

7) they had a lot of unique friends, many of them men: one of these friends Waldorf Astor was, and rumor had it that he is the father of her second son Nicholas was. Nicholas would be similar to Ferdinand's family. The reason for this speculation was because Marie famous for her many Affairs. Ultimately, most historians agree that the undisputed father of Carol, Nicholas and Elizabeth Ferdinand was. The three other children, who were all his own by Ferdinand to be approved, are subject to debate.

8) her sister was also the core of a scandal: her sister, Princess Victoria of Edinburgh also caused a major scandal. It began with her divorce, after which her remarriage to a member of the Russian Imperial family--with her first cousin. All this by Marie and her sister remained close to Victoria's death in 1936. Marie would also help her sister after the revolution of Russia.

9) She was known as the mother-in-law of the Balkans: her daughter would marry the Greek Royal House, the Yugoslav Royal House, and a branch of the Haps burg Royal family. Her eldest son would be King of Romania.

10) They would see two of her grandchildren Kings: her grandson Micheal would be King of Romania twice, once as a five-year-old in 1927 after the death of her husband and her other grandson, King King Peter of Yugoslavia was in 1934 at the age of 11. Marie died in 1938.

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Atlantis, Lemuria and Mu continents of mystery

Throughout history, people tend to look back at an exclusive age of perfection; a time when human achievements were larger, happier life and the world was generally a better place.

In religious terms, this often meant a time when the gods lived on the Earth. In secular terms, it has led to theories of prehistoric civilizations whose technologies exceeded, or, at least matched that of the modern world.

Because none of these early civilizations convincing remains visible, have left the theories which concerns them to lay their almost total disappearance. Most have done by finding them on continents which then sank under the oceans, never to be recovered.

Personally, I feel that everything, including civilizations are cyclic. And that man high degree of science, civilization and religion has reached many times in the past only that they destroyed. I think we many "Golden eras" have had in the past and will again in the future.

Atlantis:
There are three main lost continents from the past. Atlantis, located in the Atlantic Ocean, has attracted the widest conviction. Stories about Atlantis were recorded by Plato (c428-347 BC), his Timea/Crimea. These stories have since held the popular imagination. Plato, Greek philosopher, described Atlantis as an advanced civilization, which was destroyed because it is more than the borders stepped and became evil.

A number of authors during the nineteenth century, wrote extensively about this subject. They featured many religious, occult (great use of "mind power" do the work that our machines are doing today) and anthropological theories. Research suggests today that historical references to Atlantis may originate from a civilization based on the Mediterranean coastline.

Lemuria:
The second continent, Lemuria may have been the original garden of Eden. Some theories say that it was located in the Indian Ocean and some in the Pacific Ocean. The British zoologist Philip Sclater and German biologist E.H. Haeckel named the continent "lemuria" after the lemur, which is found in Africa, India and Malaysia.

Life on Lemuria found generally not to have reached the advanced civilization of Atlantis. Helena Blavatsky and Rudolf Steiner believed Atlanteans were descendants of the Lemurians.

The third main lost continent, Mu, was located in the Pacific Ocean, according to discoverer, Colonel James Churchward, it boasted a very advanced civilization that was destroyed by natural causes.

A slightly different set of theories places such lost civilizations "within" the Earth, which is said to have been hollow, with holes at the ends.

There is the Hawaiian Huna beliefs, the theory of "Ancient astronauts", by Erich von Daniken in his book "Chariots of the Gods" (1971). This theory argues that extraterrestrial creatures in the ancient earth, possibly mating with people and teaching them amazingly advanced technological and esoteric knowledge visited.

This would explain the extremely refined early feats of construction and engineering such as the Egyptian pyramids.

Although this theory is scoffed at by many, there are old pictures of creatures who seem to wear space suits (for example, in the Val Camonica cave paintings in Italy). They can be seen in Europe, Africa and South America as well.

Brightest blessings,
Lory

Lory Woortman is a writer, water color artist and Garden Designer. Lory is interested in the study of quantum physics, Norwegian myths and religion. She lives in a small country town in North Eastern Pennsylvania with her husband, writer, Ellis and her dog little Dixie. Lory has a blog and many articles that are "Free," relating to Norse mythology, shamanism, Runes and quantum physics.

http://mistressofenchantment.blogspot.com/

http://www.olevikingshop.builderspot.com/

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War and economy

These days, there is a television serial (Yes, you heard that right!) that gets me glued to the television. Its called Chandragupt Maurya and is broadcast on TV proposals. It was refreshing to see a world where there are bigger problems than the sari competition between the women of the serial at home, or the additional civil affairs and illegitimate children of the protagonists of this series.

This is a historical drama, the story of the first King of Chandragupta Maurya-, and tells the story of the dethrone a Nanda King, by the enormous foresight of an unarmed, saffron-clad guru .... a key figure in every sense of the word. Chanakya (or Kautilya, as he is called) is the author of Arthashastra-dealing with the economy of the nation concerned; and Chanakya neeti-, which is the correct behavior for the ruler and the citizens concerned.

What is the most interesting are the dialogues that sometimes reminds us that great country had a highly developed civilization, when many of the world was inhabited by wandering nomads. But whatever grabs my attention is the Chanakya neeti-that makes so much common sense ...

The last was an episode where hostile reception in his class of Yudh-shastra (the science of war) of the rest of the class, usually royalties is faced with a very young Chandragupt. So if he has a difficult task assigned to him by his guru, he the classmates for asking for help. Of course, he receives no. If he goes to complain to the guru, what do you think that the guru says?

The guru says, "If there is something that you need to get done, you the solutions themselves. The gurus will not help you. If it is the help you need from your class, you must find ways to make them help you. "... for me is that Human Resource Management in the most profound words. It is under personal motivation, and leadership skills, taught at the best level of human understanding-learning by example.

Of course there are many more such statements, allowing a sit up and wonder-what is done with this great country that gave birth so many large sons and daughters? Why is it that our Chanakyas, Gandhis and Anna Hazares are now a small minority become? And when are we going to revive the glory of this country? I think the time has come, when we need to dig out the ancient wisdom of our mother country, and use it to revive our glory.

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The tragic flaws (Hamartia) of King Richard II

Hamartia is an ancient Greek term used by Aristotle for the tragic hero in his work Poetics. ' Aristotle, the disciple of Plato, describes the tragic hero as a distinguished person with a very high position in life, falls in accident on the basis of hamartia or tragic error. Hamartia means, according to him, error of judgment that causes extreme suffering leads to the death of the tragic hero.

Shakespeare wrote tragedies of really great heights and exemplary category earned. One of them is King Richard II, a historical tragedy. His character, King Richard II, lacks the power that makes him able to confront the changing situation. More over, the lack of his wisdom that drags him to the quagmire of sycophancy and keeps him making serious mistakes, which killed him.

His first tragic mistake is that he gets murdered Gloucester.The dialogues of Bolingbroke comes on the plate form that Mowbray was assigned to kill Gloucester and Bolingbroke was ready to fight a duel with him. In addition, the old John of Gaunt accuses him of his involvement in the murder of Gloucester on the different places. He hints at the King as a murderer. Since he soft spot for the King, he puts it the nature of Justice with a belief that there is a delay but not deletion. The old John of Gaunt, a patriot and kith and kin of the King, would realize and his involvement in this murder, which the name and fame of his country and Royal blood condemn spoils. Actually his efforts is correcting him, but his failure makes prophecy that such sins go to him quickly to subvert him.

His second tragic mistake is that he banishes Bolingbroke and Mowbray. Mowbray was the bone of contention between the King and his family. Bolingbroke gets knowledge that Mowbray a traitor and murderer of Gloucester. Apart from the other he has performed slapdash deeds, reveal his disloyalty to the King. He calls the two warriors and claims to be impartial in the case of duel. But at the counsel of his flattering, he changes his mind and announces the banishment of both under the pretext of maintaining peace in the country. He announces lifetime banishment for Mowbray, whereas Bolingbroke is banned for ten years and six years later on the interference of his uncle, the father of Bolingbroke.

It appeared to be very strange that he did not allow them did against a duel. In my opinion was this exile not to his advantage. It was equal to create restlessness in the nation. In addition, bringing doubt among the public that he has murdered his uncle by Mowbray. So he tries to hide his crime. It is a serious shortcoming of the King. If he really wanted to save himself, he must not stop them from game fight until one of them could kill the other. After taking the advantage of time he could kill the other.

His third tragic error is more advantageous to Bolingbroke. The old John of Gaunt and seriously ill the King comes to him to visit. He, of deathbed, punished and condemns its weaknesses, and his speech provokes him. He speaks, in anger, average and shameful words against his uncle. When his uncle dies, he confiscates his property that convinces the public about innocence of Bolingbroke and his personal hostility toward the old John of Gaunt and his brave son finds. In addition, encourages this tragic error the banished warrior to come back and grab his inheritance from the King. So this tragic error win favors of the audience for Bolingbroke and paves the way for him to unseat.

His fourth tragic error he is that heavy taxes on the nation and all flattering. His flattering, that mislead and abuse him with their counsels, surround him. He is also a witless and gullible to distinguish between good and evil. Flattering as grasshoppers made it hollow and barren country. He licenses them to every thing to do. They impose heavy taxes, robbing the noble men of their properties and violate laws. These actions by the side of his flatter make the nation sad and, in response, it is ready to rebel against this injustice, but there is the absence of leading figure.

His final tragic mistake is that he himself goes to Ireland for the reduction of rebellion York as regent of England have been appointed. Although York loyal to the King, he is the follower of Justice; Even so, this gives the King a huge responsibility to him. After his departure for Ireland is the exiled Bolingbroke, Warrior, back without ending the period of exile in order to retrieve his legacy.

On the arrival of Bolingbroke State York on the Horn of dilemma.In early he condemns his coming back before the end of the period of exile, but later he moved and won by him with words. The nation was tired of the King, so that clean the Bolingbroke supported and rejected by the King. Indeed, his appointment York as regent of England and go to Ireland was one of the major fatal flaws, making his tragedy inevitable.

It is clear that the main cause of its catastrophe flattery. In addition to the playwright suggests the flattery that the spirit buses of ambition, jealousy and hatred in Kings, Princes, and nobles that's why they forgot to work for the welfare of the public and, consequently, the civil war breaks out.

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When on a medical mission to a foreign land adaptability Is an essential skill

The other day, I was talking with a very nice lady at Starbucks who had been sent from the Sunday school, and youth group to bring back all the tea frappachinos, lattes and passion tea drinks to make a "Starbucks Run". While we were waiting, we were talking about her Sunday School, and the youth group and how they raise money for their efforts. I stated that car wash fundraisers work very well, and that I had an e-book written on the subject, and would be glad to e-mail to her.

She said; "that would be really great because our Church is planning another mission to Costa Rica or Honduras, it will be a medical mission, to the indigenous poor people to help."

When they called me a story that her church in Honduras was told when an overthrow of the Government, they actually President in a military coup. She did not know what to do, and the group could not return home for two weeks, and a State Department official helped them get out of the country. They decided to do their medical mission in Costa Rica working with some of the other churches, and another group who asked to leave and their mission either couldn't finish.

It is a good thing she had a backup plan, but more importantly she had strong adaptability, and they improvised as they went. With a route description and a mission with a list of things to do may not always work out as planned. In fact, explain most of the people I've talked to medical missions going abroad some of the hardships that they encounter. Roads washed out, civil unrest, criminal gangs, parasites in the water, disease, and all sorts of other disasters.

Many of these things you might not consider great deals, but when you are in the middle of it, you adapt or die. It is therefore a strong leader in charge of the medical mission very pertinent. If you are thinking about to go on a medical mission, and you don't have a lot of experience traveling to third world countries, I suggest that you leaders who have done it before, have stories to tell, and crisis have transformed into creation on the fly. Your experience and comments about these trips will give you memories for a lifetime, and a lot of great stories to tell your children and grandchildren.

Indeed I hope you will consider this and if you are thinking about to go on a medical mission to Africa, or perhaps Central America, why not send me an email and share your concerns, comments and questions. I am also very interested in case studies. Thinking about it.

Lance Winslow is a retired founder of a nationwide chain of the Franchise, and now the Online Think Tankis running. Lance Winslow believes 23,900 writing articles by 4 July 2011 is going to be difficult, because all the letters on his keyboard are now worn off now ...

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The real riddles of the Sphinx

Discovery

For something so large, it seems strange that even a section entitled ' discovery '; How could the Sphinx-i.e. 71 meters high, and six metres wide-ever are hidden?

Thanks to the desert location, the great Sphinx of Giza spent a large part of the 5,000-year history buried under huge piles of sand. Although several excavations were tried throughout history, it wasn't until 1925 that the landmark fully excavated and free of sand.

It was only when the entire excavation was completely that the modern story of intrigue and fascination began with the Sphinx. It is a love that go beyond scientific Egyptologists extends; the Sphinx is one of the most visited sights in all of Egypt.

Guardian of the dead

It is believed-although not definitively known-that Sphinx as a guardian over the pyramids of Giza. The site, known as the Giza Necropolis, contains the famous Pyramid of the same name of the area built by Pharaoh Chephren in 2500 BC. First and foremost as pyramids funeral tombs for remarkable dignity, it seems useful that the Sphinx was founded to stand guard over alleged thieves and looted; a persistent problem in the Egyptian antiquity.

However, the exact date of or reason for the Sphinx erection is relatively unknown. There are many theories, and some scientific study of the possible life, but nothing specific has ever fully are derived. It is not referenced in any form of minutes. General consensus in modern Egyptology is that the Sphinx is approximately 5000 years old.

Who nose?

If you'll forgive a terrible pun, it's time to one of the most intriguing aspects of the structure to explore: to whom belongs the face? Most Egyptian architecture and engraving depicted a specific person-usually the Pharaoh, or a member of the royal dynasty-so it is generally assumed to be the face of the Sphinx is actually based on a person.

There are many, many theories, showing a wrestling would extrapolate a certain consensus Egyptologists. Some believe the face is that of chephren, who the great pyramid of Giza, while others are equally insistent that the face of Chephron, of chephren predecessor is built. In essence, however, no one knows.

Another intriguing aspect of the face of the Sphinx is the nose; or the lack thereof. There are many rumors around the nose of the Sphinx, including that it was blasted off during the Napoleonic wars, although this is largely considered a myth. General consensus suggests the nose fell off, or is hacked by thieves, approximately 2500 years ago.

Legacy

Having regard to the fact that such basic facts about the Sphinx is unknown, her place in the Egyptian history more impressive. About 5,000 years after it was first built, it still stands guardian about the dig it protects, and keeps her secrets to themselves.

Visit for more information about the history, tourism and attractions of the beautiful country of Egypt, Egypt Online Guide.

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History of the ancient Egyptian glass

This article is short on the history of the Egyptian glass. They were one of the first recorded in the history to glass for utilitarian and aesthetic purposes.

Luckily for us, many Egyptian glass factories are kept well, because of their culture of the worldly goods of the dead and the dry climate, which decay buried.

Egyptians were very ahead of the game relating to glass manufacturing; they knew how to enamel techniques used for 3000 BC. In the early periods, they made glass pieces of stone or ceramic objects modeled. They also made glass beads, which are very, almost as much as gold were valued and precious stones. Egyptians were also active in the trade of glass objects so they spread their techniques and style could.

Glass vessels in the round, hollow form that we know only appear after 1500 BC, and it is thought that the conquest of the countries in the Middle East the sudden appearance of glass vessels in Egypt.

A common method of glassmaking was used by the Egyptians "Cire perdue". The piece was modeled in wax, and then covered with clay. Would then be melted the wax and cast away, so that the gap would with molten glass re-filled.

Another, the most common method was Rui glass on a core. A kern (made of clay, straw or mud) in the shape of the desired piece formed on a metal rod. Then, the core was immersed in melted glass. When the walls of the core with added glass was thick, the object was marvered and calcined. Finally, the core is removed, leaving a rough Interior.

Sky blue and dark blue were some popular colors for glass in Egypt, along with gray, yellow, white and orange. In later periods, red, green and violet also appeared and more variation for the taste of the rich added.

Unfortunately, Egyptian glassmaking depended strongly political circumstances because it often in another country; So, between 900BC 1200BC, and when the country was in decline, there is little development in glass production.

Later under Alexander the great and the city of Alexandria, where many Egyptian craftsmen worked, the glass industry flourished again. Alexandria became a centre of glassmaking, and Greek culture is also reflected in the style.

In 27 BC Egypt was eventually conquered by the Romans, but his glassmaking style stayed for a time thereafter. By means of Roman conquests and trade was Egyptian (Alexandrian) glassware exported throughout the Empire.

Beautiful and practical glassware bought? Read more about exquisite hand blown glass vases, bowls, paperweights.

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The meaning of the Unicorn

There are some legendary creatures caught the heart and the imagination in quite the same way as the Unicorn. This is a horned creature appeared in many different cultures for thousands of years and in almost every instance, it is a lasting symbol of good, hope, and Majesty.

In ancient China, around 3000BC, the "qilin" was not regarded as a mythical creature altogether. The ancient Chinese believed that these were real creatures and was not intended as proof of their existence, but actually asked to find them. They were considered a sign that everything is right with the world. But the Chinese qilin bears little resemblance to the Western ideal of the Unicorn. In its Chinese form seems to be more of a dragon-like animal with scales and more of a reptilian appearance. The outer color of the animal was one of the five colours; White, yellow, red, blue or black, these five colours are sacred to the Chinese. The Horn was also made of soft flesh, not bony material as in Western lore and the Chinese believed them as a symbol of wisdom.

The ancient Chinese are not the only culture to believe in the existence. Ancient Greeks were also convinced that the animal does not only exist, but in some of the earliest writings of Aristotle appears. There are many reported sightings in history, starting with some references in the Hebrew Bible. According to very early writings in the book of Genesis, Adam saw one of the creatures in the garden of Eden at the beginning of time. Also in the Bible, there is also a description of what seems like an animal that carries a strong resemblance to the creature in the book of Job (Job 39: 9-12) and in the book of Isaiah (34: 7). There are also reported sighting of by Alexander the great in Asia back in the third century b.c., and by Julius Caesar in the first century.

The creature one Horn, or Alicorn, it is said that many magical properties. The Alicorn is very valuable and is said to have been a main ingredient in many medieval medicines. It is also supposed to have the power to many different types of poison neutralizing. Thanks to the extreme value, were objects of the Alicorn done often presented as gifts to royalty. The alicorn can be up to 9 meters long and weighs a whopping £ 20.

For more great stuff on Fantasy visit mythology and Magic http://www.thefantasymythicalmagic.com/us.

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People can do anything right-what makes them think they can save the planet?

It seems we have a new religion of the greenhouse effect, and everyone wants to reduce their carbon footprint. I laugh when I hear that term "carbon footprint" because as an extremely popular writer of science fiction has ever said "we are carbon-based bipeds" as Arthur C Clarke said. In other words, there is nothing wrong with carbon, or carbon footprint. And every time you walk outside or take a step on the beach you leave a carbon footprint, because you are made of carbon. You can see that point?

If you wish to decrease your carbon footprint carbon is evil, there is only one real way to do that, and I am not talking about wearing shoes. You are going to have to yourself from the planet if you really think that having a carbon footprint is bad. Further, it is rather arrogant for people to think they can save the planet. Firstly, there is nothing wrong with this planet, it's here for more than 5 billion years and it will be here for 5 billion more, long after the human race has disappeared.

Man must stop trying to save the planet, and start trying to save themselves. If they do, they can save themselves from ignorance first, or save themselves from their own arrogance. People save the planet, i.e. a laugh, there is nothing wrong with this planet, is doing fine. In fact, our solar system is probably the best example of a perpetual motion machine that we have yet to discover. Round and round it goes, and never stops. Ingenious, I see not able to create a perpetual motion machine man.

And may I ask exactly how people think they're going to save the planet? What if they get into circles and singing or maybe they will sit and pray in a building that they have built and visit each week to register as a good few people to remember? Now I don't mean to give the people the trouble, but all this save the world from global warming, and all of this other nonsense just doesn't make sense from a scientific point of view.

It's not that saving the planet is not a good idea-it is that the crisis does not exist. If the planet were really in trouble, then Yes we need to work and figure out a way to save, of course, we need to do that, but pretend that there is a problem, and then go conquer is a swinging party such as Don Quixote against windmills. I hope indeed will please consider all this and think.

Lance Winslow is a retired founder of a nationwide chain of the Franchise, and now the Online Think Tankis running. Lance Winslow believes 24,000 writing articles by 24 July 2011 is going to be difficult, because all the letters on his keyboard are now worn off now ...

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Charles Lindbergh-an American icon

Charles Augustus Lindbergh was born on 4 February 1902 in Detroit Michigan. His parents were Charles August Lindbergh and Evangeline Lodge Land. His father was a U.s. Congressman (R-Mn) from 1907 to 1917 and his mother a teacher. They divorced when the young Charles was 4 years old in 1907. Charles spent his childhood and teenage years living in Washington, D.C. to California. This is evident by the fact that he is more than a dozen schools, most for less than a year he lived until little falls High School in 1918 studied.

Have always been interested in motorized mechanics was not surprising that he is the University of Wisconsin in 1920 as a student of mechanical engineering. Although he never flew it was at school that he became fascinated with flying. He dropped out of school in February 1922 and moved to Lincoln, Nebraska to enter as a student to learn how to fly on the Nebraska Aircraft Corporation. It was 9 days after entering the school that he first flew as a passenger in a 2 seat bi-plane. It was a few days later he took his first flying lesson.

It was in May 1923 that Lindbergh took his first solo flight in a world war i surplus Curtiss JN-4 biplane at Souther Field in Americus Georgia. A few weeks later he took his first solo cross country flight barnstorming across the country under the name "Daredevil Lindbergh. In October 1925, while working as a pilot-instructor he was hired by the Robertson Aircraft Corporation at the head of the new Contract Air Mail Route # 2 service from Louisville to Chicago, a 278 mile route with stops that included Springfield and Peoria, Illinois.

On May 20, 1925, Lindbergh made a heroic flight from Roosevelt field just outside of New York City to he landed his plane the Spirit of St. Louis 33.5 hours later Le Bourget airport in Paris, France the first pilot to successfully complete a non-stop flight across the Atlantic. It was reported that 150,000 spectators were to wait for him to land in Paris that day when the crowd carried him through the field, for half an hour in Verheugen of his feat. This achievement made this unknown postal service flier famous all over the world. He won the $ 25,000 Orteig Prize, founded by Raymond Orteig, the owner of a New York hotel.

Apart from his $ 25,000 Orteig Prize Lindbergh won other awards and metals such as the Medal of Honor, Congressional Gold Medal, Pulitzer Prize, Distinguished Flying Cross, Legion of honour of France and Air Force Cross for Brit. this major u.s. distinguished himself not only as a kite, but he was also successful as an author, an inventor, an Explorer and as an environmental activist. Lindberg lived his last days on Maui island of Hawaii, where he died on 26 August 1974 from Lymphoma at the age of 72.

Celebrate this great American and the spirit of American who he represents. Go to Mall4Men where they have men and women military, civil and Patriotic jewelry. Buy with confidence. Most of their products offer free shipping and all their products come with a 100% money back guarantee "No hassle". Quality value Service you can count on.

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Taxing times

Hi ya! I hope you do well, and that tax season was nice for you that Speak., we are in some pretty taxing times now. Of the economy, war, natural disasters, and winter don't want to leave, it's hard out there. Almost everyone I talk with has negatively affected in a certain way. If you do not know first hand, I can tell you that now running a business is certainly not easy.

Yep, it's certainly difficult. So what can we do? We all know there are things in life that we can change ... and the things that we cannot. As individuals, there is not much we can do to the economy, war, taxes or the weather to change. These things are what they are. We can, but changing how we see them-and so how we deal with them.

It comes down to see the glass as ' half empty ' or ' half full '. We have heard that a million times, but in these certain times, it is not easy. Let's be real.  We are adults. We know that things can get tough. We know that We need to stay positive. We know that giving up is not an option. But it is still difficult.

I give myself pep talks. "You can do. Just continue. Stay positive. Think of the many blessings in your life and the things that are going well. Try not to think about the negative things. " I remind myself that God never gives me more than I can handle. I truly believe that, but apparently he has a different view on my limits.

These memories can be very useful. But if they don't help at all, I have more suggestions to consider: hugs, kindness and helping others.

We need the human aspect, smiling, laughing and the good feelings that we have with our loved ones. Perhaps adding more of those to our routines will be our perspectives change. It is also useful to step outside ourselves and helping others. Not only focused on someone else feels good, but it offers a break from the stress of our own situations. And if we look to others, we can only find solutions to our own problems.

We are certainly in times now, but our perspectives and actions can get us through. We have to believe that, and move forward. With confidence. It will get better. Really. Now go hug someone you love.

Kris Jamieson is a virtual assistant and owner of Resourcefully yours, LLC. She helps small business owners with their marketing and administrative tasks. Because they are an independent contractor, save customers money on staff costs. One of the Kris passions is writing. Another is to look at the human condition. One of her greatest passions is helping others.

Visit http://www.resourcefullyyours.com/for more information about Kris and Resourcefully yours.

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Legend of the Lady White Snake-Chinese Folklore

Legend of the White Snake is one of the four most popular Chinese folk tales. This is a touching love story about a man who fell in love with a white snake. This story is also ranked in the first batch of China's national intangible cultural heritage list. The legend of the White Snake is posted in movies, cartoons and TV series.

Once upon a time, there were a green hose and a white snake who dreamt of becoming a goddess by doing good deeds in the mountain There may. After successfully cultivating for thousands of years in the caves of There May berg, the snakes transformed into two lovely young ladies-Pai Su Shen (the White Snake) and Siau Island Ching (Green Snake). Although the ladies were not human but they were benevolent and kind-hearted. They worshiped the colorful life of humans and used to play around the West Lake of Hang Zhou preferred.

One day, she took a rest in the Pavilion somewhere in the city West Lake of Hang Zhou and they found a handsome young man (Xu Xian) permanently on the broken bridge. Not long after that, it was raining heavily and this made the ladies concerned. When they were about to go somewhere else, appeared suddenly an umbrella over their heads. She turned and amazed to see the scientific young handsome man who loved the umbrella for them. This was their first meeting.

Since she was so beautiful and the man was friendly and personable, she fell in love with each other and later they married and opened a shop medicine. Lady White written the recipe while Siau Island Ching and Xu Xian collected and the herbal medicine. They heal a lot of patients, those who cannot pay received free treatment and medicines. Their store quickly became popular and their business was better and better.

One day, a monk Fa Hai called saw them and Xu Xian (the man) warned that his wife was actually a white snake. Hearing this, the man was furious and said "my wife is not a snake! She is a kind and generous lady who loves me so much "the monk held to explain that co-existence of human spirit and evil is unacceptable but Xu Xian don't want to listen and chose to ignore the monk.

FA Hai urged to believe that every demon should be removed. To save the man's soul, the monk didn't have a choice but the white snake who had taken on human form under the Leifeng pagoda in the prison. Many years later, Pai Shu Shen son saved his mother from the pagoda and the family was finally reunited.

What does it mean if you a snake in your home, Discover on Snake symbol meaning. You can also read an interesting information about Chinese horoscope slang.

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Weaving storylines

There are plenty of stories about weave in many traditions of the world. For example, among the Maya of Mesoamerica imitates weave the creation of the world by the gods. The Act of creation or the "stretching from the Earth" by the four gods of the Chilam Balam has conceptualized within a weaving paradigm for much of the Maya people since the pre-Columbian time. The stretching of space and time calls "an image of the Weaver that the warp strings on her loom GeForce." The undulating topography of the Maya mythos is composed of tangled nets, twisted threads and matted folds. This messy conception of the Earth and the crowded and disorderly under world stands in contrast to the orderly, heavenly weaving of vertical and horizontal elements in the sky. Where heaven and earth meet, there is a "Giant Cosmic seam" which is scheduled as a giant spindle.

The symbolism is a bit further as the woven textile that is the child growing in the womb mimics. Contemporary Maya women still this "weave" of culture and life. The Quiche Maya Nobel Prize winner, Rigoberta Menchu, such as weaving imitating "the form of the ancestors." Weaving together with the Maya peoples of the Andes their stories and myths in their clothing. They dress themselves in their myths, legends and folk tales that, sometimes, are displayed in their clothing. Merge histories with these stories, a powerful tradition increase. The visual metaphors that evolve linking these indigenous peoples through their ancestors and varied cultures at the beginning of time forging an identity and create a sense of security and order. The daily dress cultivates this harmony. So, it can be said that weavers bearers of tradition and representatives of the archetypal female.

In Greek mythology, is one such wife Penelope, the faithful wife of Odysseus, who the many suitors during Odysseus the fateful journey home again. For three years removes them from a shroud for Odysseus father that she is weaving threads. As Penelope the shroud ends, should she one of the many suitors marry. Her resistance proves successful in the return of her husband.

Within the modern mythology presents Arwen Aragorn with a banner symbolizes the resurrection of an ancient Kingdom. In j. r. r. Tolkien's The Lord of The Rings Arwen weaves personal banner as a fulfillment of hope and the defeat of a creeping anarchy represented by Sauron, the lord of the rings. Walt Disney replicates this important casting of weaving in his adaptation of Charles Perrault's Sleeping Beauty, with the proviso that the spindle or Distaff assumes an evil attribute. Rogue prophesizes that Princess Aurora will die on her finger on a spinning wheel Distaff prick. Therefore, father of the Princess prohibits spiders on spindles or distaffs within his Kingdom. She falls on her finger prick, into a deep sleep instead of only to be awakened by the kiss from her true love to die. The story of Sleeping Beauty made a negative value on a long symbol of female productivite.

Weaving has a long and valued tradition. The Weaver must feel that he or she is a part of a long and diverse process that the diversity of the human race mimics. For almost every population there is a story of weaving.

Tish Doan

http://www.weaveyourloomstore.com/

Mr. Block has written about some history of weaving is that might have looked like living everyday life.

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Venetian mask history, the mask Moretta

The mask Moretta is one of the most traditional designs of Venetian masks. Originating in France it was quickly taken over by the fashion-conscious Venetian-women who loved the way that the mask accentuated the soft female lines of the feminine face. His popularity was short-lived as by 1760 it was gone.

The mask Moretta was oval with no mouth open, just eye holes.Traditionally was the mask worn with a veil so total anonymity to its wearer. Originally made of black velvet the functions are without expression. It was designed without ties to secure it in place instead, to rely on a button a button sewn to the inside of the mask which was clamped in the mouth of the wearer, so keep the mask in place and allowing the wearer mute. This is the reason why the mask Moretta Servetta Muta also meaning mute maid servant is called.

The lack of verbal communication this Venetian mask imposed meant that women had to use their body language to communicate. The European Council urged coquettish behaviors, tilting the head, the fluttering of lashes, the touch of a hand all became an intricate part of flirt.His face without expression meant that the female wearer her body had to use to communicate, as much as a MIME artist would today. When worn, the mask Moretta highlighted all attributes that Venetians considered the height of the desirability and femininity.

The mask moretta was worn to gambling houses, for business and when visiting monasteries where vows of silence were observed.

Fortunately, that todays Moretta designed masks with Ribbon ties to protect. The button has left in an era where the views of women were seen as unimportant and where they were judged on their physical characteristics alone. They can be manufactured from leather, cloth or paper mache. Most are still empty in black or white as tradition dictates. If you want one that is a bit more decorative there are designs that embelished with gold plated macrame and crystals. Although not historically correct these look beautiful when worn and also make beautiful wall decoration. The leather Moretta masks are probably the most comfortable, causing the skin to breathe and molding the shape of the wearers face.

Although simple in its design and somewhat difficult to wear, this mask still holds a fascination for us today. The expressionless facade imbibes its wearer with an ethereal look that captivates our attention where it can be worn.

Mikaela Parry is http://www.venetianmasquerademasks.co.uk/ owner of an online shop specialising in masks masquerade. If you want more information about the fascinating history of Venetian masks or purchase a look at our store.

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Blackpool Tower in the war years 1939-1945

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During the Second World War the town took on a number of new roles as Blackpool turned its attention from entertaining the masses of the North of England to providing facilities for soldiers, airmen and others involved in the war effort.

The tower top was taken over by the Royal Air Force as an emergency radar station. A 40 foot section of the spire was replaced by a wooden structure bearing the receiving aerials, and a number of steel cantilevers were inserted into the tower at various heights to carry their transmitting aerials. It must be remembered that Britain was at this time pioneering the use of Radar and that this work would have been labelled 'Top Secret'.

Many technical difficulties had to be overcome by the engineers and service personnel before the radar station call could operate efficiently. There was interference from the tramway system on the promenade, and even the steel structure on the tower itself interfered with reception. The Tower Company's chief engineer, Mr K. L. Foster worked night and day to solve the problems encountered by the RAF radar operators, whose task was to maintain surveillance of the Irish Sea from the Crows Nest at the top of the tower.

The tower top was also used as a lookout post by men of the National Fire service and the home guard, and the buildings below were both used by the RAF and the Royal Artillery for training purposes. Blackpool had become a joint training camp with more than 90,000 servicemen billeted in the town. The RAF used the ballroom and the Royal Artillery held lectures and training sessions in the Tower Circus each afternoon; in the evenings both ballroom and circus reverted to their normal role, providing entertainment for both the troops billeted in the seafront hotels and boarding houses and the holidaymakers who came to Blackpool for a brief respite from aiding the war effort. Throughout the dismal years of war, the Blackpool lamp of entertainment still shone brightly in spite of the blackout.

The first six days after declaration of war on third September, 1939, all places of amusement had been compulsorily closed. The tower staff kicked their heels, wondering what was going to happen. Then, realising the value of keeping the nation's spirits up, the government decided theatres, cinemas and ballrooms could serve a more useful purpose open than closed. Blackpool immediately swung into action, training troops by day and entertaining them at night, along with the many visitors who crowded into to the West Coast resort.

Each evening every ballroom in the town was packed with servicemen of all ranks dancing with local girls or visitors, many of them making a conscious effort to forget what the future might have in store for them. Many lasting friendships were forged, sometimes at the price of absent and temporarily forgotten sweethearts in their home towns and villages. The bands of the towns ballrooms found a winning entry with a whole new range of tunes and a change of tempo the dancers, south of the border down Mexico way and deep purple giving way to run Rabbit run, and lets hang out the washing on the Siegfried line and we'll meet again.

When the well-dressed and better paid American troops arrived to sweep the British girls off their feet, to the intense disgust of the poorly paid and drably dressed UK servicemen, a whole new range of dances influenced mainly by Glenn Miller and his band arrived with them.

As the towers male employees enlisted or were called up on conscription, the Tower Company replaced many of them with women. The ballroom bands found their ranks depleted many of them never to resume their former big-band status. When Reginald Dixon joined up he was replaced by a female organist, the talented Ena Baga, sister of Florence De Jong, who used to take her place when her sister was ill. Ena's signature tune was Smoke gets in your eyes, which became a familiar tune to the servicemen as Reginald Dixon's signature tune had been to pre-war holidaymakers.

Concerts were held in the ballroom to raise cash for "salute the soldier week" and "War weapons week "and other similar campaigns. One such concert was given by the Halle Orchestra, conducted by Richard Tauber. In the Blackpool theatres there appeared all the big theatrical names as shows from London were transferred to the north of England to escape the blitz on the Capital.

Broadcasting from the tower was a regular feature, both the tower band and the organist's frequently being heard on the radio in programs designed to entertain the forces at home and abroad. The sound of the tower Wurlitzer could be a reminder of better times and a boost to morale for a sailor in the wastes of the North Atlantic or an airman servicing a bomber in the Western Desert. Near the end of the war Harold Grime, the editor-in-chief of the Blackpool Gazette and Herald, while serving as an officer found himself leading a unit of Indian soldiers onto the stage of the Tower ballroom during one of the concerts. As to the crowded audience rose and cheered them somebody whispered to him Mr Grime what would the national anthem of India be? Puckering his brow, perplexed Mr Grime whispered back heavens, there are about 150 of them. The bandleader was by no means at a loss. The band struck up land of Hope and Glory, which seemed to fit the bill quite adequately and everyone the Indian soldiers included cheered and clapped.

With the invasion of Europe people in Britain could begin to look ahead to the end of the war and to plan for a return to normal. The war years had a mixture of sadness and happiness to thousands of people as they had lost relatives in the fighting and of new and lasting romance in the ballroom. Many American servicemen married English brides, and not a few returned home at the end of the war with broken hearts behind them. Some of the ladies were with child

But if the war had its moments of tragedy, it also had its lighter moments as When Lord Haw Haw, a British broadcaster whose propaganda program transmitted from the German station was listened to with amusement by many Britons, announced that the Luftwaffe had bombed Blackpool Tower, completely destroying it. It was even said that picture of the tower lying on the sands alongside the central Pier had been published in German newspapers. To no one's surprise the tower was seen next morning in its usual place; one wit remarked that our engineers must have been extremely busy during the night getting it back into position. With victory over Germany and then over Japan there began a slow return to normality, and members of the tower staff returned to familiar scenes and roles as they were demobbed from the forces. The lift service, reserved for official personnel during the war, was restored to the public in August, 1946, and Walter Dutton, lift man for more than 18 years, declared that he was delighted to see the public again. For six years he had taken RAF radar technicians and civilian fire watchers to the top; he had seen a German aircraft swooping to bomb Seed Street, when Blackpool suffered its only air raid of the war; and he looked out from the tower top at the fires as Liverpool blazed after the bombing of the town and the Merseyside docks.

When Reginald Dixon hung up his uniform and returned to claim his place at the Wurlitzer, Ena Baga moved back to London. She came back to Blackpool only to play at the new Odeon console for a Sunday night concert, and on that occasion, told a local reporter that her stay in Blackpool had made her famous in London; a common remark was "overheard you at the Blackpool Tower". Blackpool was sorry to see Ena Baga go. She kept in close touch with many friends she made during a wartime stay in town, telling them of her first television audition, that she found exciting.

Plunging back into his work, Reginald Dixon returned to a round of broadcasting and making records; some of these records sold more than 70,000 copies, earning him a gold disc from the record company concerned. He was immensely amused when one afternoon a dear old lady, evidently with no idea that she was talking to the organist, asked him what time do they feed the animals? At 3.30 he said again with a smile. Dear me, said the old lady, looking quite annoyed how silly to have both performances at the same time!

And amongst his fan mail Reginald was delighted to have a letter from a 71-year-old George Boyce who told him that he was one of a dozen ornamental plasterers who in 1898 and 1899 and worked on the new ballroom. The havoc wreaked by servicemen's boots on the floors of the ballroom and other rooms plus the enforced postponement of essential maintenance work during the war resulted in a spate of repairs when peace returned. The ballroom was closed but redecoration, and the opportunity was taken to making number of changes in the general arrangement of the tower buildings. The menagerie and the aquarium were both enlarged and the Oriental lounge was redecorated and refurnished.

The post-war years saw a period of austerity as Britain sought to repair the damage caused by five years of hostilities and restore its shattered economy. With almost all the necessary materials in short supply progress was slow as Blackpool prepared itself for the holidaymakers who crowded into the town, glad to escape for a week or two from the restrictions of austerity and rationing. As many as 80,000 people regularly visited tower during the days of high summer. By 1952 the whole town had been restored to a peacetime appearance and was enjoying something of a boom. So many people were coming to Blackpool on day trips to see the illuminations that the town's railway lines were hopelessly congested at the height of the season. Some trains did not leave until one or two o'clock in the morning, and the Tower Company was granted a special licence allowing it to remain open till the last the crowds had left for home. Reginald Dixon regularly remained at the organ console until two in the morning entertaining the trippers till the departure time of their trains. Blackpool Tower still had come through the war and had secured its place in the post-war new Blackpool.

Kathy manages a Cheap Hotel in Blackpool called Moorbank House. It is sited within a few hundred meters of all the attractions named in this article.

She also takes a keen interest in the local history of Holiday Accommodation in Blackpool and the town in general and will happily answer any questions by email from persons looking to visit the resort.

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