Hamartia is an ancient Greek term used by Aristotle for the tragic hero in his work Poetics. ' Aristotle, the disciple of Plato, describes the tragic hero as a distinguished person with a very high position in life, falls in accident on the basis of hamartia or tragic error. Hamartia means, according to him, error of judgment that causes extreme suffering leads to the death of the tragic hero.
Shakespeare wrote tragedies of really great heights and exemplary category earned. One of them is King Richard II, a historical tragedy. His character, King Richard II, lacks the power that makes him able to confront the changing situation. More over, the lack of his wisdom that drags him to the quagmire of sycophancy and keeps him making serious mistakes, which killed him.
His first tragic mistake is that he gets murdered Gloucester.The dialogues of Bolingbroke comes on the plate form that Mowbray was assigned to kill Gloucester and Bolingbroke was ready to fight a duel with him. In addition, the old John of Gaunt accuses him of his involvement in the murder of Gloucester on the different places. He hints at the King as a murderer. Since he soft spot for the King, he puts it the nature of Justice with a belief that there is a delay but not deletion. The old John of Gaunt, a patriot and kith and kin of the King, would realize and his involvement in this murder, which the name and fame of his country and Royal blood condemn spoils. Actually his efforts is correcting him, but his failure makes prophecy that such sins go to him quickly to subvert him.
His second tragic mistake is that he banishes Bolingbroke and Mowbray. Mowbray was the bone of contention between the King and his family. Bolingbroke gets knowledge that Mowbray a traitor and murderer of Gloucester. Apart from the other he has performed slapdash deeds, reveal his disloyalty to the King. He calls the two warriors and claims to be impartial in the case of duel. But at the counsel of his flattering, he changes his mind and announces the banishment of both under the pretext of maintaining peace in the country. He announces lifetime banishment for Mowbray, whereas Bolingbroke is banned for ten years and six years later on the interference of his uncle, the father of Bolingbroke.
It appeared to be very strange that he did not allow them did against a duel. In my opinion was this exile not to his advantage. It was equal to create restlessness in the nation. In addition, bringing doubt among the public that he has murdered his uncle by Mowbray. So he tries to hide his crime. It is a serious shortcoming of the King. If he really wanted to save himself, he must not stop them from game fight until one of them could kill the other. After taking the advantage of time he could kill the other.
His third tragic error is more advantageous to Bolingbroke. The old John of Gaunt and seriously ill the King comes to him to visit. He, of deathbed, punished and condemns its weaknesses, and his speech provokes him. He speaks, in anger, average and shameful words against his uncle. When his uncle dies, he confiscates his property that convinces the public about innocence of Bolingbroke and his personal hostility toward the old John of Gaunt and his brave son finds. In addition, encourages this tragic error the banished warrior to come back and grab his inheritance from the King. So this tragic error win favors of the audience for Bolingbroke and paves the way for him to unseat.
His fourth tragic error he is that heavy taxes on the nation and all flattering. His flattering, that mislead and abuse him with their counsels, surround him. He is also a witless and gullible to distinguish between good and evil. Flattering as grasshoppers made it hollow and barren country. He licenses them to every thing to do. They impose heavy taxes, robbing the noble men of their properties and violate laws. These actions by the side of his flatter make the nation sad and, in response, it is ready to rebel against this injustice, but there is the absence of leading figure.
His final tragic mistake is that he himself goes to Ireland for the reduction of rebellion York as regent of England have been appointed. Although York loyal to the King, he is the follower of Justice; Even so, this gives the King a huge responsibility to him. After his departure for Ireland is the exiled Bolingbroke, Warrior, back without ending the period of exile in order to retrieve his legacy.
On the arrival of Bolingbroke State York on the Horn of dilemma.In early he condemns his coming back before the end of the period of exile, but later he moved and won by him with words. The nation was tired of the King, so that clean the Bolingbroke supported and rejected by the King. Indeed, his appointment York as regent of England and go to Ireland was one of the major fatal flaws, making his tragedy inevitable.
It is clear that the main cause of its catastrophe flattery. In addition to the playwright suggests the flattery that the spirit buses of ambition, jealousy and hatred in Kings, Princes, and nobles that's why they forgot to work for the welfare of the public and, consequently, the civil war breaks out.
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